Microbial transformation of antimalarial terpenoids
- 作者
- Igor A. Parshikov, Alexander I. Netrusov, John B. Sutherland
- 单位
- First Moscow State Medical University of I.M. Sechenov, Moscow, Russia; Moscow State University of M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia; National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
- 杂志
- Biotechnology Advances(2012)
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.010
- 所属领域
- 微生物生物技术 / 生物转化
- 关键词
- 阅读原文
- 查看 PDF 原文
解决的核心问题
解决抗疟萜类化合物(尤其是青蒿素)衍生物制备中化学合成困难、溶解性差和耐药性等问题,探索微生物转化作为产生新候选药物的途径。
研究策略
系统综述真菌和细菌对单萜、倍半萜、二萜、三萜和四萜类抗疟化合物的生物转化,重点归纳区域选择性和立体选择性羟基化反应及产率。
核心内容
该研究系统综述了真菌和细菌对单萜、倍半萜、二萜、三萜和四萜类抗疟化合物的微生物生物转化,重点聚焦区域选择性和立体选择性羟基化反应及其产率。研究发现多种微生物可将柠檬草精油中的citral转化为thymol等产物,总产率达67.4%,且柠檬草精油对Plasmodium berghei的抑制活性为氯喹的86.6%。在青蒿素转化方面,Umbelopsis ramanniana可产7β-羟基青蒿素达51-88%,Cunninghamella echinulata产6β-羟基青蒿素达50%,Aspergillus niger VKM F-1119产5β-羟基青蒿素达80%,这些化学合成难以获得的羟基化衍生物为新型抗疟药提供了重要先导化合物。此外,10-deoxoartemisinin经Cunninghamella elegans转化可产7β-羟基衍生物达83.9%,经Aspergillus niger转化产率达69%。研究还涵盖二萜和三萜类化合物的微生物羟基化,以及重组大肠杆菌将β-胡萝卜素转化为视黄醛等产物的案例。结果表明,微生物生物转化特别是区域和立体选择性羟基化,是制备抗疟萜类衍生物的有效手段,可增加溶解度并提供进一步修饰位点,有望用于克服疟原虫耐药性并开发新药。
创新点
总结了多种微生物转化萜类生成羟基化衍生物的方法,尤其是青蒿素的微生物羟基化可获得化学合成难以得到的7β-羟基青蒿素等产物,为新型抗疟药提供先导化合物。
研究对象(36)
| 底盘细胞 | 代谢通路 | 基因 | 蛋白 | 功能 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Penicillium sp. | 单萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将citral转化为thymol、limonene、capinene、geraniol等六种产物,总产率67.4% |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1074 | 单萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将myrcene转化,1.5天产dihydrolinalool 79.5%和2,6-dimethyloctane 9.3%;3天产α-terpineol 7.7%和2,6-dimethyloctane 90.0% |
| Rhodococcus sp. GR3 | 单萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将geraniol区域选择性氧化为geranic acid,12.5小时内完成 |
| Rhodotorula minuta | 单萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将L-(-)-citronellal还原为L-(-)-citronellol,产率78.3%,8小时 |
| Fusarium verticillioides | 单萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将R-(+)-limonene转化为R-(+)-perillyl alcohol,产率12%,12小时 |
| Nocardia corallina ATCC 19070 | 倍半萜生物转化(青蒿素转化) | — | — | 催化 | 将artemisinin转化为deoxyartemisinin,产率24%,14天 |
| Aspergillus flavus | 倍半萜生物转化(青蒿素转化) | — | — | 催化 | 将artemisinin转化为deoxyartemisinin,产率30.5%,48小时 |
| Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9245 | 倍半萜生物转化(青蒿素转化) | — | — | 催化 | 将artemisinin转化为7β-hydroxy-9α-artemisinin 6.0%、4α-hydroxydeoxyartemisinin 5.4%、7β-hydroxyartemisinin 21.0%、6β-hydroxyartemisinin 6.5% |
| Penicillium chrysogenum ATCC 9480 | 倍半萜生物转化(青蒿素转化) | — | — | 催化 | 将artemisinin转化为deoxyartemisinin 1.0%和4α-hydroxydeoxyartemisinin 3.6%,13天 |
| Cunninghamella echinulata AS 3.3400 | 倍半萜生物转化(青蒿素转化) | — | — | 催化 | 将artemisinin转化为6β-hydroxyartemisinin,产率50%,4天 |
| Aspergillus niger AS 3.795 | 倍半萜生物转化(青蒿素转化) | — | — | 催化 | 将artemisinin转化为4α-hydroxydeoxyartemisinin,产率15%,4天 |
| Mucor polymorphosporus AS 3.3443 | 倍半萜生物转化(青蒿素转化) | — | — | 催化 | 将artemisinin转化为7β-hydroxyartemisinin和另外两种羟基化产物 |
| Umbelopsis ramanniana(三个菌株) | 倍半萜生物转化(青蒿素转化) | — | — | 催化 | 将artemisinin羟基化,产7β-hydroxyartemisinin 51-88%、6β-hydroxyartemisinin 1-51%及两种其他异构体,14天 |
| Aspergillus niger VKM F-1119 | 倍半萜生物转化(青蒿素转化) | — | — | 催化 | 将artemisinin转化为5β-hydroxyartemisinin 80%和7β-hydroxyartemisinin 19% |
| Streptomyces griseus ATCC 13273 | 倍半萜生物转化(青蒿素转化) | — | — | 催化 | 将artemisinin氧化为artemisitone,产率12.5%,3.5天 |
| Penicillium simplicissimum | 倍半萜生物转化(青蒿素转化) | — | — | 催化 | 将artemisinin修饰产生4β-acetoxy和4α-hydroxy衍生物 |
| Aspergillus flavipes | 倍半萜生物转化(arteannuin B转化) | — | — | 催化 | 转化arteannuin B生成三种产物 |
| Beauveria bassiana | 倍半萜生物转化(arteannuin B转化) | — | — | 催化 | 转化arteannuin B生成三种产物 |
| Microbacterium trichotecenolyticum | 倍半萜生物转化(arteannuin B转化) | — | — | 催化 | 提取物将arteannuin B转化为artemisinin |
| Umbelopsis ramanniana 1839 | 半合成青蒿素衍生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 转化10-deoxoartemisinin为4α-hydroxydeoxy-10-deoxoartemisinin 7.0%和7β-hydroxy-10-deoxoartemisinin 10.9%,14天;优化后后者达45% |
| Aspergillus niger(未注明菌株) | 半合成青蒿素衍生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将10-deoxoartemisinin羟基化为7β-hydroxy-10-deoxoartemisinin 69%和15-hydroxy-10-deoxoartemisinin 26% |
| Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9245(转化10-deoxoartemisinin) | 半合成青蒿素衍生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将10-deoxoartemisinin转化为5β-hydroxyl-10-deoxoartemisinin 8.8%、4α-hydroxydoexo-10-deoxoartemisinin 4.6%、7β-hydroxyl-10-deoxoartemisinin 83.9% |
| Aspergillus niger NRRL 599 | 倍半萜生物转化(artemisietone转化) | — | — | 催化 | 将artemisietone转化为9α-artemisinin、7β-hydroxydoexo-9α-artemisinin和7β-hydroxydo-9α-artemisinin |
| Cephalosporium aphidicola CCT 2163 | 二萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol羟基化为ent-kauran-16β,19-diol 54%和ent-kauran-16β,17,19-triol 18.6%,13天 |
| Glomerella cingulata | 二萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid还原为ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-19-ol,产率18.3%,10天 |
| Mucor rouxii(转化pimara二萜) | 二萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid转化为ent-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oic acid 2.8%和7-keto-ent-pimara-8,15-dien-19-oic acid 2.1%,7天 |
| Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 | 二萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将imbricatolic acid区域选择性转化为1α-hydroxymicratolic acid,15天;也将jatrophone转化为9β-hydroxyisabellione,产率0.65%,25天 |
| Rhizopus stolonifer UBA6 | 二萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将imbricatolic acid转化为15-hydroxy-8,17-epoxylabdan-19-oic acid |
| Mucor plumbeus IMI 116688 | 二萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将mulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid转化为16-hydroxymulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid 0.8%和7α,16-dihydroxymulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid 0.75%,15天 |
| Aspergillus ochraceus | 三萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将lupeol转化为两个代谢物,产率19.0%和11.1%,10天 |
| Mucor rouxii(转化lupeol) | 三萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将lupeol转化为两个代谢物,产率26.5%和16.0%,10天 |
| Colletotrichum sp. | 三萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将betulinic acid转化为3-oxo-15α-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid,产率2.34% |
| Absidia glauca CGMCC 3.67 | 三萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将3-oxo-oleanolic acid转化为三个新衍生物,产率分别为0.74%、2.3%和0.23% |
| Umbelopsis isabellina | 三萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将ursolic acid转化为三个代谢物,产率0.69%、0.5%和0.88% |
| Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646 | 三萜生物转化 | — | — | 催化 | 将senegenin转化为senegenic acid 28-methyl ester |
| Escherichia coli(重组菌株) | 四萜生物转化(β-胡萝卜素转化) | — | β-胡萝卜素15,15'-单(双)加氧酶以及甲羟戊酸途径相关酶 | 催化 | 重组菌株表达β-carotene 15,15'-mono(di)oxygenase和mevalonate pathway,将β-胡萝卜素转化为retinal、retinol和retinyl acetate |
关键发现
- 柠檬草精油对Plasmodium berghei的抑制活性为氯喹的86.6%;Penicillium sp.转化citral总产率67.4%,其中thymol
- 5%、geranial
- 6%、nerol
- 7%;Pseudomonas aeruginosa转化myrcene,1.5天产dihydrolinalool
- 5%、2,6-dimethyloctane
- 3%,3天产α-terpineol
- 7%、2,6-dimethyloctane
- 0%;Rhodococcus sp. GR3在12.5 h内将geraniol转化geranic acid;Rhodotorula minuta在8 h内将L-(-)-citronellal还原为citronellol产率78.3%;Fusarium verticillioides在12 h内将R-(+)-limonene转化为perillyl alcohol产率12%;Nocardia corallina ATCC 19070在14天将artemisinin转化deoxyartemisinin产率24%;Aspergillus flavus在48 h产deoxyartemisinin
- 5%;Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9245转化artemisinin得7β-hydroxy-9α-artemisinin
- 0%、4α-hydroxydeoxyartemisinin
- 4%、7β-hydroxyartemisinin
- 0%、6β-hydroxyartemisinin
- 5%;Penicillium chrysogenum ATCC 9480产deoxyartemisinin
- 0%和4α-hydroxydeoxyartemisinin
- 6%;Cunninghamella echinulata AS
- 3400产6β-hydroxyartemisinin 50%;Aspergillus niger AS
- 795产4α-hydroxydeoxyartemisinin 15%;Umbelopsis ramanniana产7β-hydroxyartemisinin 51-88%和6β-hydroxyartemisinin 1-51%;Aspergillus niger VKM F-1119产5β-hydroxyartemisinin 80%和7β-hydroxyartemisinin 19%;Streptomyces griseus ATCC 13273产artemisitone
- 5%;U. ramanniana 1839转化10-deoxoartemisinin产4α-hydroxydeoxy-10-deoxoartemisinin
- 0%和7β-hydroxy-10-deoxoartemisinin
- 9%,优化后后者达45%;Aspergillus niger产7β-hydroxy-10-deoxoartemisinin 69%和15-hydroxy-10-deoxoartemisinin 26%;Cunninghamella elegans产5β-hydroxyl-10-deoxoartemisinin
- 8%、4α-hydroxydoexo-10-deoxoartemisinin
- 6%、7β-hydroxyl-10-deoxoartemisinin
- 9%;Cephalosporium aphidicola CCT 2163转化ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol产ent-kauran-16β,19-diol 54%和ent-kauran-16β,17,19-triol
- 6%;Glomerella cingulata产ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-19-ol
- 3%;Mucor rouxii产ent-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oic acid
- 8%和7-keto-ent-pimara-8,15-dien-19-oic acid
- 1%;Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404转化jatrophone产9β-hydroxyisabellione
- 65%;Mucor plumbeus IMI 116688产16-hydroxymulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid
- 8%和7α,16-dihydroxymulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid
- 75%;Aspergillus ochraceus转化lupeol产19.0%和11.1%;Mucor rouxii转化lupeol产26.5%和16.0%;Colletotrichum sp.转化betulinic acid产3-oxo-15α-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid
- 34%;Absidia glauca CGMCC
- 67转化3-oxo-oleanolic acid产1β-hydroxy-3-oxo-olean-11-eno-28,13-lactone
- 74%、1β,11α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid
- 3%和1β,11α,21β-trihydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid
- 23%;Umbelopsis isabellina转化ursolic acid产3β-hydroxy-urs-11-eno-28,13-lactone
- 69%、3β,7β-dihydroxy-urs-11-eno-28,13-lactone
- 5%和1β,3β-dihydroxy-urs-11-eno-28,13-lactate
- 88%;重组Escherichia coli表达β-carotene 15,15'-mono(di)oxygenase和mevalonate pathway将β-carotene转化为retinal、retinol和retinyl acetate。
研究结论
微生物生物转化特别是区域选择性和立体选择性羟基化,是制备抗疟萜类衍生物的有效手段,可增加溶解度并提供进一步修饰位点,有望用于克服疟原虫耐药性并开发新药。