Annotation and functional assignment of the genes for the C30 carotenoid pathways from the genomes of two bacteria Bacillus indicus and Bacillus firmus.
- 作者
- Sabine Steiger, Laura Perez-Fons, Simon M. Cutting, Paul D. Fraser, Gerhard Sandmann
- 单位
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
- 杂志
- Microbiology(2015)
- DOI
- 10.1099/mic.0.083519-0
- 所属领域
- 代谢工程
- 关键词
- 阅读原文
- 查看 PDF 原文
解决的核心问题
解析并功能鉴定Bacillus indicus和Bacillus firmus中C30类胡萝卜素生物合成途径的基因簇及各个基因的功能。
研究策略
对两种芽孢杆菌进行基因组测序和注释,基于序列同源性预测类胡萝卜素合成基因,然后在大肠杆菌中进行功能互补实验:共转化提供底物途径的质粒和表达目的基因的质粒,通过HPLC分析产物类别与吸收光谱,从而确定crtM、crtNa、crtNb、crtNc等基因的催化功能。
核心内容
对Bacillus indicus HU36和Bacillus firmus GB1进行基因组测序与注释,预测并克隆了C30类胡萝卜素合成相关基因,随后在大肠杆菌中共表达底物途径质粒和目的基因,通过HPLC及吸收光谱鉴定各基因催化功能。结果显示两种菌均只含DXS途径基因,与大肠杆菌对应基因一致性约50%,与Halobacillus halophilus高达87%。功能互补证实crtM编码4,4’-diapophytoene合酶,crtNa催化四步脱氢生成4,4’-diapolycopene,crtNb为醛合酶,crtNc为醛脱氢酶。首次鉴定crtNb和crtNc负责末端羧基化。经密码子优化后,B. indicus的crtNc主要生成4,4’-diapolycopen-4-酸(吸收峰455、476、506 nm)及少量二酸,而B. firmus的crtNc主要生成4,4’-diapolycopen-4,4’-二酸。两种菌基因簇组织结构不同:B. firmus的簇位于8100 bp内且同向转录,B. indicus的基因被未知ORF分隔且亚簇反向。这些差异与其最终产物(B. indicus生成甲基4’-[6-O-酰基-糖基)氧]-4,4’-diapolycopen-4-酸酯,B. firmus生成二酸糖基酯)一致,为C30类胡萝卜素途径的异源重构奠定了基础。
创新点
首次克隆并功能鉴定了Bacillus indicus和Bacillus firmus中负责C30类胡萝卜素末端羧基化的crtNb与crtNc基因;揭示两种菌中C30类胡萝卜素基因簇的组织结构差异;通过密码子优化成功在大肠杆菌中表达并鉴定crtNc的醛酸氧化功能。
研究对象(30)
| 底盘细胞 | 代谢通路 | 基因 | 蛋白 | 功能 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | C30 carotenoid biosynthesis | crtM | 4,4'-diapophytoene synthase | 催化 | 在大肠杆菌中异源表达,催化两分子FPP缩合生成4,4'-diapophytoene |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | C30 carotenoid biosynthesis | crtM | 4,4'-diapophytoene synthase | 催化 | 在大肠杆菌中异源表达,催化两分子FPP缩合生成4,4'-diapophytoene |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | C30 carotenoid biosynthesis | crtNa | 4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase | 催化 | 催化4步脱氢反应,生成4,4'-diapolycopene |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | C30 carotenoid biosynthesis | crtNa | 4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase | 催化 | 催化4步脱氢反应,生成4,4'-diapolycopene |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | C30 carotenoid biosynthesis | crtNb | 4,4'-diapolycopene ketolase/aldehyde synthase | 催化 | 以4,4'-diaponeurosporene或4,4'-diapolycopene为底物引入醛基 |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | C30 carotenoid biosynthesis | crtNb | 4,4'-diapolycopene ketolase/aldehyde synthase | 催化 | 以4,4'-diaponeurosporene或4,4'-diapolycopene为底物引入醛基 |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | C30 carotenoid biosynthesis | crtNc | 4,4'-diapolycopene aldehyde oxidase | 催化 | 氧化4,4'-diapolycopen-4-醛为羧基;密码子优化后在大肠杆菌中有活性 |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | C30 carotenoid biosynthesis | crtNc | 4,4'-diapolycopene aldehyde oxidase | 催化 | 氧化4,4'-diapolycopen-4,4'-二醛为二羧基;密码子优化后在大肠杆菌中有活性 |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | C30 carotenoid biosynthesis | AT | acyltransferase | 催化 | 催化糖醇基与脂肪酸的酯化 |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | C30 carotenoid biosynthesis | GT | glycosyl transferase | 催化 | 位于另一contig,负责将糖连接至末端羟基 |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | C30 carotenoid biosynthesis | GT | glycosyl transferase | 催化 | 可能参与酸基的糖基化 |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | C30 carotenoid biosynthesis | CAE | carboxyl esterase | 催化 | 可能参与糖酯形成或水解 |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | dxs | 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整的DXS途径基因 |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | dxr | 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整基因 |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | ygbP | 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整基因 |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | ychB | 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整基因 |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | ygbB | 2-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整基因 |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | gcpE | (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl-diphosphate synthase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整基因 |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | lytB | 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl-diphosphate reductase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整基因 |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | fdps | farnesyl diphosphate synthase | 催化 | 催化IPP和DMAPP缩合生成FPP |
| Bacillus indicus HU36 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | ipp | isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase | 催化 | 催化IPP和DMAPP互变 |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | dxs | 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整基因 |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | dxr | 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase | 催化 | 基因组序列不完整,缺少约300个氨基酸,但仍可明确鉴定 |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | ygbP | 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整基因 |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | ychB | 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整基因 |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | ygbB | 2-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整基因 |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | gcpE | (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl-diphosphate synthase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整基因 |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | lytB | 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl-diphosphate reductase | 催化 | 基因组中注释到完整基因 |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | fdps | farnesyl diphosphate synthase | 催化 | 催化IPP和DMAPP缩合生成FPP |
| Bacillus firmus GB1 | Terpenoid precursor biosynthesis (DXS pathway) | ipp | isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase | 催化 | 催化IPP和DMAPP互变 |
关键发现
- 在B. indicus和B. firmus基因组中鉴定出完整的DXS(1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸合酶)途径基因,未发现甲羟戊酸途径基因
- 这些基因与E. coli对应基因有约50%的一致性,与Halobacillus halophilus对应基因一致性高达87%。B. firmus的类胡萝卜素基因簇位于8100 bp范围内,所有基因同向转录
- B. indicus的crtNa、crtNc和crtM与crtNb、AT被未知开放阅读框隔开,且两个亚簇转录方向相反。功能互补显示:crtM编码4,4'-diapophytoene合酶
- crtNa编码4,4'-diapophytoene脱氢酶,催化4步脱氢生成4,4'-diapolycopene
- crtNb编码醛合酶,可利用4,4'-diaponeurosporene或4,4'-diapolycopene生成醛
- crtNc编码醛脱氢酶,催化醛基氧化为羧基。当crtNc基因经E. coli密码子优化后,B. indicus的crtNc主要生成4,4'-diapolycopen-4-酸(峰6,吸收最大455,476,506 nm)及少量4,4'-diapolycopen-4,4'-二酸(峰7,470,492,522 nm),而B. firmus的crtNc主要生成4,4'-diapolycopen-4,4'-二酸。吸收光谱数据:4,4'-diapophytoene在275、285、297 nm有吸收峰
- 4,4'-diapolycopene在443、469、500 nm。
研究结论
本研究通过基因组注释与大肠杆菌功能互补,阐明了Bacillus indicus和Bacillus firmus中完整的C30类胡萝卜素生物合成途径,鉴定了crtM、crtNa、crtNb、crtNc以及修饰相关基因GT、AT、CAE等。两种菌中的基因簇组织结构完全不同,且催化特性存在差异,这与其最终的类胡萝卜素产物(B. indicus生成甲基4'-[6-O-酰基-糖基)氧]-4,4'-diapolycopen-4-酸酯,B. firmus生成4,4'-diapolycopen-4,4'-二酸糖基酯)相一致。